This longitudinal study tracked close to 30,000 rural children studying in Std II and Std IV in 900 schools spread over five states. These children, their classes, schools and families were tracked over a period of 15 months in order to take a comprehensive look at factors in the school, in the classroom and in the family which influence children’s learning outcomes. Students were randomly selected from the enrollment registers of sampled government schools in five states across the country. Each school was visited three times during the study period. Sampled students were administered a baseline achievement test in the period September-November 2009 and an endline test in the period September–November 2010. The two tests were thus administered roughly one calendar year apart but spanned two academic years.