Rukmini Banerji is the Chief Executive Officer of Pratham Education Foundation. Until recently, she was responsible for Pratham’s programs and activities in several major states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, and was also the Director of ASER Centre (the research and assessment unit of Pratham). Initially trained as an economist in India, she did her B.A. at St. Stephen’s College and attended the Delhi School of Economics. She was a Rhodes Scholar at the Oxford University and completed her Ph.D. at the University of Chicago where she also did post-doctoral research at the Population Research Centre. Rukmini worked as a program officer at the Spencer Foundation in Chicago for several years before returning to India in 1996. Since 1996, Rukmini has been with Pratham, one of India’s largest NGOs working in education (www.pratham.org). She has been a member of the national leadership team of the organization and has extensive field experience both in program implementation and in research. She has led the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) effort since it was launched in 2005. ASER has been acknowledged nationally and internationally for its innovative model of household-based, citizen-led assessment which has impacted education policy and practice within India and has also been adapted for use in several countries in Africa and Asia. In 2008, Rukmini was awarded the Maulana Abul Kalam Shiksha Puraskar by the Government of Bihar, India. She was the first recipient of this award. Over the years, she has represented Pratham and the ASER Centre in various national and international forums and is a member of committees both in India and abroad. Rukmini writes frequently on education in both Hindi and English dailies in India and enjoys writing books and stories for children. Originally from Bihar, she is now lives in New Delhi.

Sampling

ASER samples households, not children. All children aged 3-16 who reside in sampled households are included in the survey. Enrolment information is recorded for all these children, while basic learning levels are assessed for children aged 5-16.

In each district, 30 villages are sampled from the most recent Census village directory using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS), a sampling technique that is commonly used for large scale surveys. 20 households are randomly sampled in each village. This generates a total of 600 sampled households in each rural district or about 3,00,000 households at the national level.

The sample design employs a rotating panel of villages. Each year, 10 villages from three years ago are dropped and 10 new villages are added. For example, in ASER 2010, 10 villages from ASER 2007 were dropped, 10 villages from 2008 and 2009 were retained and 10 new villages from the census village directory of 2001 were added. This strategy generates a representative picture of each district.

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